diff --git a/src/modules/antirandom.rs b/src/modules/antirandom.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5a9b53a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/antirandom.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+//! antirandom — detect spam drones whose nick/ident/realname is random-looking,
+//! by scoring character patterns and acting when a threshold is crossed. This is
+//! reverse's own detection model (the run rules + the unlikely-trigram penalty
+//! table are the spec — they define what counts as random); everything around
+//! them is original native Rust.
+//!
+//! Score, summed over nick (+ ident + realname when `checkfull`):
+//!  - a run reaching 5 digits / 4 vowels / 4 consonants adds that length; each
+//!    further char in the run adds 1
+//!  - each adjacent letter pair found in the "unlikely trigram" table adds 1
+//!
+//! At/above `antirandom_threshold` the action fires: kill | gline | kline |
+//! zline | block. Opers and logged-in accounts are always exempt. Off unless
+//! `antirandom = yes` — read entirely from the config, nothing on `Server`.
+
+use crate::module::{ModResult, Module};
+use crate::server::Server;
+use crate::xline::XKind;
+use crate::Uid;
+
+/// Adjacent letter pairs that rarely occur in real words but pepper random
+/// strings — each occurrence adds 1 to the score. reverse's high-signal subset.
+const TRIPLES: &[&[u8; 2]] = &[
+    b"aj", b"aq", b"av", b"aw", b"ax", b"az", b"bd", b"bg", b"bk", b"bq", b"bx", b"bz", b"cb",
+    b"cf", b"cg", b"cj", b"cp", b"cv", b"cw", b"cx", b"dx", b"fb", b"fc", b"fg", b"fh", b"fj",
+    b"fk", b"fp", b"fq", b"fv", b"fw", b"fx", b"fz", b"gb", b"gf", b"gj", b"gp", b"gv", b"gx",
+    b"hb", b"hf", b"hj", b"hk", b"hv", b"hx", b"hz", b"jc", b"jd", b"jf", b"jg", b"jh", b"jk",
+    b"jl", b"jm", b"jn", b"jp", b"jq", b"jr", b"js", b"jt", b"jv", b"jw", b"jx", b"jy", b"jz",
+    b"kb", b"kd", b"kf", b"kg", b"kh", b"kj", b"kp", b"kq", b"kv", b"kx", b"kz", b"lj", b"lq",
+    b"lx", b"mj", b"mq", b"mx", b"mz", b"pb", b"pf", b"pg", b"pj", b"pk", b"pq", b"pv", b"px",
+    b"pz", b"qb", b"qc", b"qd", b"qe", b"qf", b"qg", b"qh", b"qi", b"qj", b"qk", b"ql", b"qm",
+    b"qn", b"qo", b"qp", b"qr", b"qs", b"qt", b"qu", b"qv", b"qw", b"qx", b"qy", b"qz", b"sx",
+    b"sz", b"tj", b"tq", b"tx", b"vb", b"vc", b"vd", b"vf", b"vg", b"vh", b"vj", b"vk", b"vl",
+    b"vm", b"vn", b"vp", b"vq", b"vr", b"vs", b"vt", b"vw", b"vx", b"vz", b"wb", b"wc", b"wd",
+    b"wf", b"wg", b"wj", b"wk", b"wp", b"wq", b"wv", b"wx", b"wz", b"xb", b"xc", b"xd", b"xf",
+    b"xg", b"xh", b"xj", b"xk", b"xl", b"xm", b"xn", b"xp", b"xq", b"xr", b"xs", b"xt", b"xv",
+    b"xw", b"xz", b"yb", b"yc", b"yd", b"yf", b"yg", b"yh", b"yj", b"yk", b"yp", b"yq", b"yv",
+    b"yw", b"yx", b"yz", b"zb", b"zc", b"zd", b"zf", b"zg", b"zh", b"zj", b"zk", b"zl", b"zm",
+    b"zn", b"zp", b"zq", b"zr", b"zs", b"zt", b"zv", b"zw", b"zx",
+];
+
+fn is_vowel(c: u8) -> bool {
+    matches!(c, b'a' | b'e' | b'i' | b'o' | b'u')
+}
+fn is_consonant(c: u8) -> bool {
+    c.is_ascii_lowercase() && !is_vowel(c)
+}
+
+/// Score one string for "randomness". Higher = more likely a bot.
+fn score_string(input: &str) -> u32 {
+    if input.is_empty() {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    let s: Vec<u8> = input.bytes().map(|b| b.to_ascii_lowercase()).collect();
+    let mut score = 0u32;
+    let (mut digits, mut vowels, mut consonants) = (0u32, 0u32, 0u32);
+    for i in 0..s.len() {
+        let c = s[i];
+        if c.is_ascii_digit() {
+            digits += 1;
+            vowels = 0;
+            consonants = 0;
+        } else if is_vowel(c) {
+            vowels += 1;
+            digits = 0;
+            consonants = 0;
+        } else if is_consonant(c) {
+            consonants += 1;
+            digits = 0;
+            vowels = 0;
+        } else {
+            digits = 0;
+            vowels = 0;
+            consonants = 0;
+        }
+        match digits {
+            5 => score += 5,
+            d if d > 5 => score += 1,
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        match vowels {
+            4 => score += 4,
+            v if v > 4 => score += 1,
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        match consonants {
+            4 => score += 4,
+            c if c > 4 => score += 1,
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        // trigram penalty: the adjacent pair ending at i
+        if i >= 1 {
+            let pair = [s[i - 1], c];
+            if TRIPLES.iter().any(|t| t[0] == pair[0] && t[1] == pair[1]) {
+                score += 1;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    score
+}
+
+fn dur(s: &Server) -> u64 {
+    s.conf("antirandom_duration")
+        .and_then(crate::xline::parse_duration)
+        .filter(|&d| d > 0)
+        .unwrap_or(3600)
+}
+
+pub struct AntiRandom;
+
+impl Module for AntiRandom {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "antirandom"
+    }
+
+    fn on_user_register(&mut self, srv: &mut Server, uid: Uid) -> ModResult {
+        if !srv.conf_bool("antirandom", false) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        // opers and logged-in accounts are exempt
+        if srv.is_oper(uid) || srv.is_logged_in(uid) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        let threshold = srv.conf_num("antirandom_threshold", 10u32).max(1);
+        let checkfull = srv.conf_bool("antirandom_checkfull", true);
+
+        let (nick, ident, realname, host, ip, mask) = {
+            let Some(u) = srv.users.get(&uid) else {
+                return ModResult::Passthru;
+            };
+            (
+                u.nick.clone(),
+                u.ident.clone(),
+                u.realname.clone(),
+                u.host.clone(),
+                u.addr.ip().to_string(),
+                u.prefix(),
+            )
+        };
+
+        let mut score = score_string(&nick);
+        if checkfull {
+            score += score_string(&ident);
+            score += score_string(&realname);
+        }
+        if score < threshold {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+
+        let action = srv
+            .conf("antirandom_action")
+            .unwrap_or("kill")
+            .to_ascii_lowercase();
+        let reason = srv
+            .conf("antirandom_reason")
+            .unwrap_or("Random nick/ident/realname (likely spam bot)")
+            .to_string();
+
+        if srv.conf_bool("antirandom_showfailed", false) {
+            srv.snotice(&format!(
+                "ANTIRANDOM: {mask} (score {score} >= {threshold}) — action: {action}"
+            ));
+        }
+
+        let setter = format!("antirandom@{}", srv.name);
+        let d = dur(srv);
+        match action.as_str() {
+            "block" => {
+                srv.send(
+                    uid,
+                    format!(
+                        ":{} NOTICE {nick} :*** Your nick/ident/realname looks random \
+                         (often a sign of a bot). Reconnect with a more natural nick, \
+                         or register your account.",
+                        srv.name
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
+            "gline" => srv.add_xline(XKind::Gline, &format!("*@{host}"), d, &setter, &reason),
+            "kline" => srv.add_xline(XKind::Kline, &format!("*@{host}"), d, &setter, &reason),
+            "zline" => srv.add_xline(XKind::Zline, &ip, d, &setter, &reason),
+            _ => {} // "kill" (default): the core disconnects on Deny
+        }
+        ModResult::Deny
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn real_names_score_low() {
+        assert!(score_string("reverse") < 10);
+        assert!(score_string("michael") < 10);
+        assert!(score_string("nick") < 10);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn random_strings_score_high() {
+        assert!(score_string("xkjqzvwx") >= 5);
+        assert!(score_string("qzxjkvbg") >= 5);
+        assert!(score_string("aeiouaeiou") >= 4); // long vowel run
+        assert!(score_string("bcdfghjklm") >= 4); // long consonant run
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn digit_runs_score() {
+        assert!(score_string("a123456789") >= 5);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/blockamsg.rs b/src/modules/blockamsg.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd13300
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/blockamsg.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+//! blockamsg — block the mass "/amsg" and "/ame" commands that mIRC/HexChat send
+//! (one message fanned out to every channel you're on), a classic advertise/flood
+//! vector. A PRIVMSG/NOTICE whose target list is two-or-more channels is blocked
+//! when either: the same text was just sent to a *different* target list within
+//! `blockamsg_delay` seconds, or the number of channel targets equals the number
+//! of channels the sender is on (>1). Off unless `blockamsg = yes`. Per-user
+//! last-message bookkeeping lives in `Server.ext`; nothing on `Server`.
+//!
+//! Behaviour reference: InspIRCd's `m_blockamsg`. Original native Rust.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use crate::module::{ModResult, Module};
+use crate::server::{now, Server};
+use crate::xline::XKind;
+use crate::Uid;
+
+/// Per-user record of the last PRIVMSG/NOTICE: (text, target-list, unix secs).
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct LastMsg(HashMap<Uid, (String, String, u64)>);
+
+/// Count how many comma-separated targets in `list` are channels (`#…`).
+fn channel_targets(list: &str) -> usize {
+    list.split(',').filter(|t| t.starts_with('#')).count()
+}
+
+pub struct BlockAmsg;
+
+impl Module for BlockAmsg {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "blockamsg"
+    }
+
+    fn on_pre_command(
+        &mut self,
+        srv: &mut Server,
+        uid: Uid,
+        cmd: &str,
+        params: &[String],
+    ) -> ModResult {
+        if !srv.conf_bool("blockamsg", false) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        if !(cmd.eq_ignore_ascii_case("PRIVMSG") || cmd.eq_ignore_ascii_case("NOTICE")) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        if params.len() < 2 {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        // opers bypass the check entirely
+        if srv.is_oper(uid) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+
+        let (list, text) = (&params[0], &params[1]);
+        let targets = channel_targets(list);
+        if targets == 0 {
+            return ModResult::Passthru; // a PM — never blocked
+        }
+
+        let delay = srv.conf_num("blockamsg_delay", 3u64);
+        let chan_count = srv.users.get(&uid).map(|u| u.channels.len()).unwrap_or(0);
+        let n = now();
+
+        let store = srv.ext.get_or_insert_with::<LastMsg>(LastMsg::default);
+        let prev = store.0.get(&uid).cloned();
+        // record this message for next time (identical to InspIRCd: always update)
+        store.0.insert(uid, (text.clone(), list.clone(), n));
+
+        let repeat_hit = prev
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|(pmsg, ptgt, psent)| {
+                pmsg == text && ptgt != list && delay > 0 && *psent >= n.saturating_sub(delay)
+            })
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        let allchans_hit = targets > 1 && targets == chan_count;
+
+        if !(repeat_hit || allchans_hit) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+
+        // ── block it ──
+        let action = srv
+            .conf("blockamsg_action")
+            .unwrap_or("killopers")
+            .to_ascii_lowercase();
+        let notify_opers = matches!(action.as_str(), "killopers" | "noticeopers" | "zlineopers");
+        if notify_opers {
+            let mask = srv.users.get(&uid).map(|u| u.prefix()).unwrap_or_default();
+            srv.snotice(&format!("User {mask} had an /amsg or /ame blocked"));
+        }
+        let reason = "Attempted to global message (/amsg or /ame)";
+        match action.as_str() {
+            "kill" | "killopers" => srv.remove_user(uid, reason),
+            "notice" | "noticeopers" => {
+                let nick = srv
+                    .users
+                    .get(&uid)
+                    .map(|u| u.nick.clone())
+                    .unwrap_or_default();
+                srv.send(
+                    uid,
+                    format!(
+                        ":{} NOTICE {nick} :Global message (/amsg or /ame) blocked",
+                        srv.name
+                    ),
+                );
+            }
+            "zline" | "zlineopers" => {
+                let (ip, dur) = (
+                    srv.users
+                        .get(&uid)
+                        .map(|u| u.addr.ip().to_string())
+                        .unwrap_or_default(),
+                    srv.conf_num("blockamsg_duration", 900u64),
+                );
+                let setter = format!("blockamsg@{}", srv.name);
+                srv.add_xline(XKind::Zline, &ip, dur, &setter, reason);
+            }
+            _ => {} // "silent": drop with no output
+        }
+        ModResult::Deny
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn counts_only_channel_targets() {
+        assert_eq!(channel_targets("#a,#b,#c"), 3);
+        assert_eq!(channel_targets("nick"), 0);
+        assert_eq!(channel_targets("#a,nick"), 1);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/connectban.rs b/src/modules/connectban.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6f31f5e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/connectban.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+//! connectban — z-line an IP range that opens an excessive number of connections
+//! to the server. Each connection bumps a per-range counter; when it reaches
+//! `connectban_threshold` the range is z-lined for `connectban_duration` and the
+//! counter cleared. The whole tally is periodically wiped (`connectban_gcinterval`)
+//! so long-lived counts don't accumulate — mirroring InspIRCd's garbage-collect.
+//! A `connectban_bootwait` grace after start avoids banning the reconnect storm
+//! when the server (re)starts. Off unless `connectban = yes`; all state in
+//! `Server.ext`, nothing on `Server`.
+//!
+//! Because echoIRCd z-lines match by glob (not CIDR), the banned range is emitted
+//! as a wildcard mask (`1.2.3.*` for an IPv4 /24, the exact IP for a /32).
+//!
+//! Behaviour reference: InspIRCd's `m_connectban`. Original native Rust.
+
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::net::IpAddr;
+
+use crate::module::Module;
+use crate::server::{now, Server};
+use crate::xline::XKind;
+
+/// Per-range connection tally plus the boot-grace / GC bookkeeping.
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct State {
+    counts: HashMap<String, u32>,
+    ignore_until: u64, // ignore connections until this unix time (boot grace)
+    last_gc: u64,      // unix time of the last full clear
+    booted: bool,      // whether ignore_until has been initialised
+}
+
+/// From an IP and the configured prefix length, return `(group_key, ban_glob)`.
+/// The group key buckets connections; the glob is what gets z-lined. Non-8-bit
+/// (v4) / non-16-bit (v6) prefixes are rounded down for the glob.
+fn range_of(ip: IpAddr, v4cidr: u8, v6cidr: u8) -> (String, String) {
+    match ip {
+        IpAddr::V4(a) => {
+            let o = a.octets();
+            let keep = (v4cidr / 8).min(4) as usize;
+            match keep {
+                0 => ("v4:*".to_string(), "*".to_string()),
+                4 => (format!("v4:{}", a), a.to_string()),
+                k => {
+                    let head = o[..k]
+                        .iter()
+                        .map(|b| b.to_string())
+                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                        .join(".");
+                    (format!("v4:{head}"), format!("{head}.*"))
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        IpAddr::V6(a) => {
+            let segs = a.segments();
+            let keep = (v6cidr / 16).min(8) as usize;
+            if keep >= 8 {
+                (format!("v6:{}", a), a.to_string())
+            } else {
+                let head = segs[..keep]
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|s| format!("{s:x}"))
+                    .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                    .join(":");
+                let glob = if head.is_empty() {
+                    "*".to_string()
+                } else {
+                    format!("{head}:*")
+                };
+                (format!("v6:{head}"), glob)
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Record a new connection from `ip`, z-lining its range if it crosses the limit.
+/// No-op when connectban is disabled or still inside the boot-grace window.
+pub fn on_connect(s: &mut Server, ip: IpAddr) {
+    if !s.conf_bool("connectban", false) {
+        return;
+    }
+    let threshold = s.conf_num("connectban_threshold", 10u32).max(2);
+    let v4 = s.conf_num("connectban_ipv4cidr", 32u8).clamp(1, 32);
+    let v6 = s.conf_num("connectban_ipv6cidr", 128u8).clamp(1, 128);
+    let bootwait = s.conf_num("connectban_bootwait", 120u64);
+    let n = now();
+
+    let st = s.ext.get_or_insert_with::<State>(State::default);
+    if !st.booted {
+        st.ignore_until = n + bootwait;
+        st.last_gc = n;
+        st.booted = true;
+    }
+    if n < st.ignore_until {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    let (key, glob) = range_of(ip, v4, v6);
+    let c = st.counts.entry(key.clone()).or_insert(0);
+    *c += 1;
+    if *c < threshold {
+        return;
+    }
+    st.counts.remove(&key);
+
+    let dur = s.conf_num("connectban_duration", 6 * 60 * 60u64).max(1);
+    let setter = format!("connectban@{}", s.name);
+    let reason = s
+        .conf("connectban_banmessage")
+        .unwrap_or(
+            "Your IP range has been attempting to connect too many times in too short a \
+             duration. Wait a while, and you will be able to connect.",
+        )
+        .to_string();
+    s.add_xline(XKind::Zline, &glob, dur, &setter, &reason);
+    s.snotice(&format!(
+        "Connect flooding from IP range {glob} (threshold {threshold})"
+    ));
+}
+
+/// Periodically clears the whole tally, like InspIRCd's garbage collector.
+pub struct ConnectBan;
+impl Module for ConnectBan {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "connectban"
+    }
+    fn on_tick(&mut self, s: &mut Server) {
+        if !s.conf_bool("connectban", false) {
+            return;
+        }
+        let gc = s.conf_num("connectban_gcinterval", 3600u64).max(1);
+        let n = now();
+        if let Some(st) = s.ext.get_mut::<State>() {
+            if n.saturating_sub(st.last_gc) >= gc {
+                st.counts.clear();
+                st.last_gc = n;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn v4_ranges() {
+        let ip: IpAddr = "1.2.3.4".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(range_of(ip, 32, 128).1, "1.2.3.4");
+        assert_eq!(range_of(ip, 24, 128).1, "1.2.3.*");
+        assert_eq!(range_of(ip, 16, 128).1, "1.2.*");
+        assert_eq!(range_of(ip, 8, 128).1, "1.*");
+        // same /24 buckets to one key
+        let ip2: IpAddr = "1.2.3.9".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(range_of(ip, 24, 128).0, range_of(ip2, 24, 128).0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn v6_ranges() {
+        let ip: IpAddr = "2001:db8::1".parse().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(range_of(ip, 32, 128).1, "2001:db8::1");
+        assert_eq!(range_of(ip, 32, 32).1, "2001:db8:*");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/mod.rs b/src/modules/mod.rs
index e3df31a..47c5c13 100644
--- a/src/modules/mod.rs
+++ b/src/modules/mod.rs
@@ -4,8 +4,11 @@
 //! than the hook bus, but lives here as its own self-contained unit.
 
 pub mod antimixedutf8;
+pub mod antirandom;
+pub mod blockamsg;
 pub mod chathistory;
 pub mod cloak;
+pub mod connectban;
 pub mod connflood;
 pub mod dnsbl;
 pub mod filter;
@@ -17,6 +20,8 @@ pub mod multiline;
 pub mod network_icon;
 pub mod profilelink;
 pub mod reputation;
+pub mod restrictcommands;
+pub mod restrictmsg;
 pub mod securitygroups;
 pub mod snoop;
 pub mod whoisport;
@@ -37,6 +42,11 @@ pub fn default_modules() -> Vec<Box<dyn Module>> {
         Box::new(multiline::Multiline),
         Box::new(reputation::ReputationMod::default()),
         Box::new(connflood::ConnFlood),
+        Box::new(antirandom::AntiRandom),
+        Box::new(restrictcommands::RestrictCommands),
+        Box::new(restrictmsg::RestrictMsg),
+        Box::new(blockamsg::BlockAmsg),
+        Box::new(connectban::ConnectBan),
     ]
 }
 
diff --git a/src/modules/restrictcommands.rs b/src/modules/restrictcommands.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b97b2c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/restrictcommands.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+//! restrictcommands — hold back chosen commands from brand-new / unregistered
+//! users (UnrealIRCd's `set::restrict-commands`), with exemptions. reverse's own
+//! module. Each restriction is one config line:
+//!
+//! ```text
+//! restrictcommand = LIST connectdelay=60 exemptidentified=yes exemptwebirc=yes \
+//!                        exempttls=no exemptscore=24 reason="Please wait a bit."
+//! ```
+//!
+//! A user may run the command if they are an oper, if ANY exemption matches, or
+//! once they have been connected at least `connectdelay` seconds. Everything is
+//! read from the config via `Server::conf*` — nothing lives on `Server`.
+
+use crate::module::{ModResult, Module};
+use crate::server::{now, Server};
+use crate::Uid;
+
+/// One parsed `restrictcommand` line.
+struct Restriction {
+    command: String, // uppercased
+    connectdelay: u64,
+    exempt_identified: bool,
+    exempt_webirc: bool,
+    exempt_tls: bool,
+    exempt_score: Option<u32>,
+    reason: String,
+}
+
+/// Split a config line into whitespace tokens, but keep `"quoted values"`
+/// (spaces and all) as a single token — so `reason="a b c"` survives intact.
+fn tokenize(line: &str) -> Vec<String> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    let mut cur = String::new();
+    let mut in_q = false;
+    let mut has = false;
+    for ch in line.chars() {
+        match ch {
+            '"' => {
+                in_q = !in_q;
+                has = true;
+            }
+            c if c.is_whitespace() && !in_q => {
+                if has {
+                    out.push(std::mem::take(&mut cur));
+                    has = false;
+                }
+            }
+            c => {
+                cur.push(c);
+                has = true;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    if has {
+        out.push(cur);
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+/// Parse all `restrictcommand` config lines into restrictions.
+fn parse(s: &Server) -> Vec<Restriction> {
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+    for line in s.conf_all("restrictcommand") {
+        let toks = tokenize(line);
+        let Some((name, attrs)) = toks.split_first() else {
+            continue;
+        };
+        if name.is_empty() {
+            continue;
+        }
+        let mut r = Restriction {
+            command: name.to_ascii_uppercase(),
+            connectdelay: 60,
+            exempt_identified: true,
+            exempt_webirc: false,
+            exempt_tls: false,
+            exempt_score: None,
+            reason: "You cannot use this command yet. Please wait or log in.".to_string(),
+        };
+        for tok in attrs {
+            let Some((k, v)) = tok.split_once('=') else {
+                continue;
+            };
+            match k {
+                "connectdelay" => r.connectdelay = crate::xline::parse_duration(v).unwrap_or(60),
+                "exemptidentified" => r.exempt_identified = crate::config::yesish(v),
+                "exemptwebirc" => r.exempt_webirc = crate::config::yesish(v),
+                "exempttls" => r.exempt_tls = crate::config::yesish(v),
+                "exemptscore" => r.exempt_score = v.parse().ok(),
+                "reason" => r.reason = v.to_string(),
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        out.push(r);
+    }
+    out
+}
+
+pub struct RestrictCommands;
+
+impl Module for RestrictCommands {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "restrictcommands"
+    }
+
+    fn on_pre_command(
+        &mut self,
+        srv: &mut Server,
+        uid: Uid,
+        cmd: &str,
+        _params: &[String],
+    ) -> ModResult {
+        // fast path: nothing configured
+        if srv.conf_all("restrictcommand").is_empty() {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        let restrictions = parse(srv);
+        let Some(r) = restrictions
+            .iter()
+            .find(|r| r.command.eq_ignore_ascii_case(cmd))
+        else {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        };
+
+        // opers are never restricted
+        if srv.is_oper(uid) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        let (secure, webirc, signon) = {
+            let Some(u) = srv.users.get(&uid) else {
+                return ModResult::Passthru;
+            };
+            (u.secure, u.flags.via_webirc, u.signon)
+        };
+
+        // exemptions: any match lets the command through
+        if r.exempt_identified && srv.is_logged_in(uid) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        if r.exempt_webirc && webirc {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        if r.exempt_tls && secure {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        if let Some(min) = r.exempt_score {
+            if crate::modules::reputation::score_of(srv, uid) >= min {
+                return ModResult::Passthru;
+            }
+        }
+        // connect-delay: allowed once connected long enough
+        if r.connectdelay > 0 && now().saturating_sub(signon) >= r.connectdelay {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+
+        let (nick, reason) = (
+            srv.users
+                .get(&uid)
+                .map(|u| u.nick.clone())
+                .unwrap_or_default(),
+            r.reason.clone(),
+        );
+        srv.send(uid, format!(":{} NOTICE {nick} :*** {reason}", srv.name));
+        ModResult::Deny
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokenize_keeps_quoted_reason() {
+        let t = tokenize(r#"LIST connectdelay=60 reason="please wait a bit""#);
+        assert_eq!(
+            t,
+            vec!["LIST", "connectdelay=60", "reason=please wait a bit"]
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn tokenize_plain() {
+        assert_eq!(tokenize("A  b   c"), vec!["A", "b", "c"]);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/restrictmsg.rs b/src/modules/restrictmsg.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aca2210
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/restrictmsg.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+//! restrictmsg — stop ordinary users from private-messaging each other. A PM
+//! between two users is allowed only when the sender is an oper, the target is an
+//! oper, or the target is a service/bot (so users can still reach NickServ etc.).
+//! Channel messages are never affected. Off unless `restrictmsg = yes` — read
+//! straight from the config, nothing on `Server`.
+//!
+//! Behaviour reference: InspIRCd's `m_restrictmsg`. Original native Rust.
+
+use crate::module::{ModResult, Module};
+use crate::numeric::ERR_CANTSENDTOUSER;
+use crate::server::Server;
+use crate::Uid;
+
+pub struct RestrictMsg;
+
+impl Module for RestrictMsg {
+    fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        "restrictmsg"
+    }
+
+    fn on_pre_message(
+        &mut self,
+        srv: &mut Server,
+        uid: Uid,
+        target: &str,
+        _text: &str,
+    ) -> ModResult {
+        if !srv.conf_bool("restrictmsg", false) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        // channels are unaffected
+        if target.starts_with('#') {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        // sender opers may message anyone
+        if srv.is_oper(uid) {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+        let Some(tuid) = srv.find_nick(target) else {
+            return ModResult::Passthru; // let the core answer "no such nick"
+        };
+        // allow messaging opers and services/bots
+        let target_privileged = srv
+            .users
+            .get(&tuid)
+            .map(|u| u.flags.oper || u.flags.bot)
+            .unwrap_or(false);
+        if target_privileged {
+            return ModResult::Passthru;
+        }
+
+        srv.numeric(
+            uid,
+            ERR_CANTSENDTOUSER,
+            &format!("{target} :You cannot send messages to this user."),
+        );
+        ModResult::Deny
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/server.rs b/src/server.rs
index a7252eb..3c01a74 100644
--- a/src/server.rs
+++ b/src/server.rs
@@ -311,6 +311,9 @@ impl Server {
             return;
         }
 
+        // connectban — z-line an IP range that opens too many connections (see modules::connectban)
+        crate::modules::connectban::on_connect(self, ip);
+
         // Pre-registration connection notices, InspIRCd / solanum style. Ident-113
         // is archaic and firewalled, so those two are cosmetic; the hostname lookup
         // is real (see `resolver`) — its result arrives later as an Event.